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10 Core Exercises for Seniors to Build Strength, Posture, and Independence (with Videos)

Try these 10 core exercises to enhance your physical fitness.

Author: MaryAnn DePietro CRT

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A strong core is essential to overall stability and decreasing the risk of back pain. It helps with everyday activities such as walking, taking the stairs, and dancing.

As you age, the number of muscle fibers you have decreases. Most people experience a 3-8% reduction in muscle mass every decade after age 30.

The core provides pelvic and spinal stability and plays a significant role in movement. When the core becomes weak, it can lead to decreased balance, poor posture, and disability. The good news is that we can combat muscle loss with proper strength training.

Core exercises can improve posture, balance, and overall health and help with everyday activities such as yard work.

Studies indicate that core exercises for seniors lead to significant improvements in balance. Core strengthening exercises for seniors should include standing and sitting exercises. Seated core exercises for seniors can be done almost anywhere and are a great way to start working your core.

As you progress and get stronger, standing exercises are a great option to continue to improve. The article below covers seated and standing core exercises for seniors, tips, and safety considerations.

Understanding Core Strength

Your core muscles are located in your back and abdominal area, attaching to your pelvis or spine. A strong core develops a good foundation for all activities. Your back and abdominal muscles work together to support your spine when you stand, sit, and walk.

Core muscles include:

  • Transversus abdominis
  • Rectus abdominis
  • External and internal obliques

As you age, core strength often declines for various reasons, such as:

  • Muscle loss: You lose, on average, between 3-8% of muscle every 10 years starting at the age of 30.
  • Shrinkage of core muscle fibers: Without regular core exercise, the muscle fibers shrink, which causes a loss of strength.
  • Hormonal changes: A decrease in hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, can lead to less lean muscle.

There are also many common misconceptions about core exercises for seniors, such as those listed below.

MisconceptionReality
Core exercises may hurt your back.Not every core exercise is for everyone. But there are many core straightening exercises for seniors that you can try that should not hurt your back.
Core exercises are about having a flat stomach. A strong core improves stability, balance, and functional movement. As a byproduct of all that exercise, you may develop a toned midsection, which most people welcome.
You cannot strengthen your core as an older adult. You can build muscle at any age. Most people, regardless of their age, will respond to core exercises.
Core exercises are for young people. Core strengthening exercises are vital for people of all ages, especially older adults. Strong core muscles can help improve posture, reduce injury, and promote daily activities.

Seated Core Exercises

Seated core exercises for seniors are performed from a seated position. Depending on a person's mobility, this may be in a chair or on the floor. Seated core exercises provide a great way to start an exercise program. Below are examples of seated core exercises.

Chair twists

Chair twists help promote a range of motion in your core and strengthen the external and internal obliques. To perform:

  • Sit with knees at 90 degrees angle and feet flat.
  • Bring your shoulders up to 90 degrees with your elbows bent.
  • Rotate right as far as you can. You should not feel pain as you twist. If you do, stop.
  • Keep your core engaged and tight, and maintain good posture.
  • Rotate back to the center and now to the left.
  • Repeat the exercise to each side for 20 to 30 repetitions.

Seated leg raises (Captain's chair)

Seated leg raises are an excellent way to work your lower abdominal muscles. To perform:

  • Sit tall with feet hip-width apart.
  • Place your hands on the edge of the chair.
  • Tightening your core.
  • Keep your core tight as you lift both knees.
  • Repeat 10 times for two to three sets.

A more accessible version involves just lifting the heels. As you progress, lift both knees higher towards your chest to make it more challenging. Try to avoid rocking, hunching your back, or rounding your shoulders.

Pelvic tilts

A pelvic tilt strengthens the deep core muscles and helps promote overall spinal stability. To perform:

  • Sit slightly forward in a chair with good posture.
  • Draw your belly button inwards towards the back of the chair while tilting the pelvis backward, flattening your back against the chair.
  • Return to your starting position, slightly arching your back.
  • Repeat several times.

You can progress this exercise by lying on your back on the ground. Use good posture, keeping your shoulders back and away from your ears.

Seated Russian twists

A seated Russin twist works the upper abdominal muscles and increases the core's range of motion. To perform:

  • Sit on the floor, flexing your knees at about a 45-degree angle, and keep your heels on the floor.
  • Lean back slightly, but keep your back straight.
  • Hold your arms out straight in front of you at about shoulder height.
  • Rotate your arms from side to side, keeping your belly button pointing forward during the move.

A more accessible version of this exercise involves sitting on the edge of a chair instead of the ground. Lifting your feet a few inches off the ground makes the move more challenging.

Arm circles with core engagement

Arm circles are done with core engagement, and your abdominal muscles are worked on with a static hold. It is a good option for people with limited mobility in their trunk. To perform:

  • Sit up tall in a chair. Keep your back off the chair to engage your core.
  • Maintain good posture with your ears, shoulders, and hips in a line.
  • Curl your fingers into the palm of your hands.
  • Extend your arms out straight to your sides at shoulder height. This creates increased thoracic extension.
  • Hold your core tight and make softball-size circles forward with your arms.
  • Repeat for ten circles and reverse direction.

Standing Core Exercises

Standing core exercises for seniors are an excellent way to progress your exercise program. As you stand, you will also work your balance. Below are standing core exercises for seniors.

Marching in place

Marching is a low-impact way to work on stability and exercise your core. You do not need any equipment. Additionally, it is good functional exercise since you have to lift your knees up when going up steps and curbs, which engages your core muscles.

  • Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Engage your core muscles.
  • Start by bringing your right elbow forward as you bring the left knee up.
  • Alternate by bringing up the right knee and bringing the left elbow forward.
  • Keep alternating the march for about ten repetitions and do two to three sets.

Depending on your fitness level, you can lift your knees higher and move a little quicker to make this exercise more challenging. This exercise can also be performed with light weights.

Heel raises

Although heel raises work your calf muscles in your lower legs, they also work your core. During the exercise, your core should be engaged to help provide balance and stability.

  • Stand with feet about hip-width apart.
  • Hold on to a chair for balance if needed.
  • Raise on your toes, bringing your heels off the ground.
  • Hold for a few seconds and return your heels to the ground.
  • Repeat for 10 to 20 repetitions.

You can progress this exercise by rocking back onto your heels after bringing your heels back to the ground. This provides a stretch. Combining both moves challenges your balance and core more.

Single-leg stance

When doing a single-leg stance, your core muscles help stabilize you and maintain your balance. It is an excellent option to work both your core and balance simultaneously. To perform:

  • Stand up tall with your ear, shoulder, and hips in a straight line.
  • Keep your core tight.
  • Lift one foot, bending your knee, allowing your foot to move backward.
  • Keep your supporting knee slightly bent.
  • Keep your knee in line with your hip and ankle.
  • Hold for 30 seconds.

Hold onto a stable surface, such as a chair, if this is too challenging.

Wall push-ups

Wall push-ups work your chest, but they also use your core muscles to stabilize you. To perform:

  • Stand with feet away from the wall.
  • Place your hands on the wall at shoulder height.
  • Bend your elbows to lower your chest towards the wall.
  • Keep your core engaged and push through your hands, straightening your arms.
  • Stay on your toes during the move.
  • Repeat for 10 repetitions and two sets.
  • Be sure to keep a straight, neutral alignment. Do not allow your back to arch.

To progress the exercise, walk your feet back a little further. This makes the exercise more difficult because you support more of your body weight.

Side planks (modified)

Side planks modified allow you to work your back and oblique muscles without going to the ground. It is a more accessible version of a side plank with your hands on the ground. To perform:

  • Stand sideways next to a wall with your right hip facing the wall. Place your right forearm and elbow on the wall at about shoulder height.
  • Step a little further away from the wall while keeping your elbow on it. This creates a lean into the wall.
  • Dip your right hip into the wall.
  • Push back through your core and hips to bring your hip back to your starting position.
  • Do ten repetitions and repeat on the opposite side.

To progress this exercise, use the floor instead of a wall, dipping your hip towards the ground. Maintain core engagement and food posture throughout the move.

Combined Seated and Standing Core Exercises

If possible, combining seated and standing core exercises is a good way to progress and work different core muscles. Some exercises target your deeper core muscles more effectively when standing. Standing also helps you challenge your balance and engage your core at the same time.

An example of a combination workout includes:

Starting with seated core exercises for seniors to warm up your muscles, such as:

  • Chair twists
  • Pelvic tilts

Move into a few standing core exercises, such as:

  • Wall push-ups
  • Modified planks

End your core workout with another seated exercise, such as

  • Arm circles with core engagement
  • A second set of pelvic tilts

If your combination core workout becomes easy, it may be time to take it up a notch and make it a little more challenging. You can progress by doing more standing exercises, modifying some exercises, and going to the floor. Using light weights or adding more sets or repetitions is also an option to progress the workout.

Safety and Considerations

Doing exercises safely is vital to avoid an injury. Consider some of the following mistakes:

  • Avoid sloughing and rounding your shoulders.
  • Do not let your abdominals jut forward.
  • Do not do the same exercises each day. Mix things up.
  • Do not ignore pain. If you feel pain, do an exercise step.

As with any type of exercise, listen to your body. If something hurts, stop the exercises. Always consult a healthcare professional if you develop pain after a core exercise that does not seem like normal muscle soreness.

Remember, the key to building a solid core is consistency. Try to make core exercises a part of your daily routine. Consider the following suggestions to stay motivated:

  • Enlist a friend to be your workout buddy.
  • Change up your exercises to prevent boredom.
  • Set a goal for how many days a week you do your core exercises, and reward yourself for a job well done!

Conclusion

Core exercise for seniors helps improve stability, balance, and posture. Without a strong core, you increase your risk of pain from poor posture and back problems. Core exercise helps promote better movement with everyday activities.

Consider incorporating some type of core exercises into your daily routine. Vary the exercises you do each day. Additional resources for further improvement include:

  • Your local fitness center
  • Silver sneakers, which offer exercise classes across the country
  • Your doctor
  • Personal trainer

About the Author

MaryAnn DePietro CRT

MaryAnn DePietro CRT is a licensed respiratory therapist with over 15 years of clinical experience in critical care, emergency medicine, and pulmonary rehabilitation. She is also an American Council on Exercise certified personal trainer and holds specialty certifications in orthopedics, senior fitness, and weight management. MaryAnn has a degree in Rehabilitation from Penn State University and a degree in respiratory therapy.

In addition to her clinical experience, she has written extensively about all things medical, as well as health, fitness, and aging for various websites, magazines, and newspapers.

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